Category Archives: Attachment

The meaning behind actions and behaviour

A core concept that underlies the attachment experience is the idea that our actions and behaviour mean something, although the meaning behind the behaviour and the actual attachment needs might not be apparent.

And it’s important to note, the same behaviour can mean different things at different times.

When we reflect on our own behaviour and emotional undertone we take a step towards understanding our children’s needs, no matter the behaviour they present in the moment.

It isn’t necessary to have precise knowledge of the meaning behind an action or behaviour. Instead, we can focus on what the behaviour feels like, sit in it with our children, and feel it with them. This is what attachment teaches us.

The take-away is our shared experience.

What is “process”?

When I talk about process I’m fitting together a number of abstractions, including empathy, mindfulness, and conflict. Then there is the question: How do each of them relate to each other, and how do they fit into attachment?

The summation of all of this is “process”.

We can understand and translate our child’s process back into empathy, and use that empathy in such a way that we can understand our self in relation to our child.

The practice of empathy

Our task as parents is to encourage a process within our families whereby we minimize the cataclysmic solutions of violence, on one hand, and the giving-up that can occur through lack of protest, and turn instead towards a more acceptable resolution of attachment conflict.

This is available to us through the practice of empathy.

Empathy, sometimes called “the heartbeat of attachment”, is a feeling and thinking solution to comprehending the feeling state and actions of another. It is the skill of experiencing another person’s feelings as if they were our own, through suspending judgment and stepping into the other person’s shoes.

Empathy is a tool, and the foundation for understanding conflict and expressing reciprocity, and though for most of us it is a skill that takes time to learn and practice, mothers and babies appear to achieve the state of empathy in its most clear form. They appear to simply know the other’s present experience.

We might have the awareness, “I have feelings and you have feelings, and I want to understand that, and I am trying to get to a particular place in our relationship.”  When we use this awareness we are attempting to get to empathy – a place where, “I don’t impose my values on you but I try and understand your life experience so I can understand where you are in this fight.”

Attachment is active all of the time, and each of us finds a balance somewhere, except for those people who end up killing others, or those who just give up.

That is what empathy allows us.

This psychological paradigm is not based on a value or moral system. It represents what is, not what we might prefer. It is neither dualistic nor dichotomous. We do not subscribe to either self-destruction or violence as a preferential solution to attachment conflict.

The feeling and the urge

The perfect state of attachment is a balance between a safe base and a safe capacity for exploration. As this base is never absolutely stable, the experience of attachment includes a feeling state of anxiety.

The drive to meet one’s attachment need creates an active, ongoing urge that is life-long and implacable, which we will call aggression.

There is a feeling and there is an urge. They are connected.

Our experience consists of the interaction between anxiety (feeling), attachment, and aggression (urge). We continually attempt to balance those competing facets of our attachment experience.

Our attachment system is never turned off. We always have a level of arousal, and we use “anxiety” as a way to talk about that arousal.  The ongoing interaction of the urge of aggression, the feeling state of anxiety, and the biological imperative of attachment maintain a permanent psychological state of conflict.

The conflict state can be resolved, and indeed must be.

On the one hand, we can solve the conflict by giving up the quest for attachment entirely. Simply by solving the conflict in this way, we give up. This solution will be effective at times, and it is important to recognize when giving up is appropriate to the circumstances.

The aggressive urge mounts in order to resolve the conflict and confirm the attachment. At this polar extreme we may become violent and attempt to dominate through force in the emotional, intellectual, or physical realms, or any combination of these. Examples of this process explain much of the violent incidents witnessed in intimate attachment experience.

 

Exploration and seeking autonomy

Bowlby clearly stated that Attachment Theory functions in the realms of threat, separation, and loss and the need for security.

Central to Bowlby’s theory is the reciprocal relationship between being attached and being separate.

Exploration and seeking autonomy occurs in our children in direct relationship to their feeling of security with us.

The movement towards and away from others is always in a dynamic balance between the need to be attached and the need to be separate.

Secure = autonomous

The need to have a secure attachment experience in order to be autonomous may appear to be somewhat paradoxical, but in fact, attachment is a process between being secure in attachment experiences and being separate with a comfortable working self.

The gift of conflict

When our family begins to shift their focus from fearing conflict to acknowledging conflict, our attention is placed on the value that each person brings to the relationship, despite our differences.

Conflict is celebrated as a sign of growth and change, and as an acknowledgment of the attachment needs of each family member. As a result, intimacy within our family can be enhanced.

Achieving balance

Conflict resolution, or achieving balance, demands that we take into account the other person’s process. We may be discouraged to find ourselves in conflict with our children, but if we are mindful despite the challenge, we can access a teachable moment.

At this point in time we have the opportunity to let them know,  “You have your process, and I have mine. I respect your process and in return I ask that you respect mine. Let’s talk about what’s going on for each of us, so we can move forward.”

Despite our child’s response, achieving balance in this way helps us stay in the moment, and out of outcome mode.

Our eternal quest

We are on an eternal quest for conflict resolution in the attachment experience. We seek to achieve a balance between the urge, which is aggression, and the feeling, which is anxiety, in order to restore a sense of safety. Our struggle to achieve balance creates conflict. The resolution of that conflict brings us into balance.

In our struggle to move from conflict into balance, it is obvious that the conflict process includes the capacity for violent solutions on one hand, and on the other, the capacity for giving up entirely on the possibility of attachment. (The work of Spitz in the early forties, the work by Bowlby, and many theories since, have borne this out.)

Finding a balance

When we go back to the development of Attachment Theory, we find that the theory was based primarily on the idea of safety – a safe or secure base – where an infant could find a balance between being connected to a parent in a way that was soothing, while at the same time being separate from the parent in a way that was soothing, as well. The secure base of attachment is the basic biological state.

Attachment is often perceived only as an explanation of the dynamics of connection, since humans always have the need to be attached. But, just as much as we have a need to be connected, we have a competing need for separation, and the two needs never go away.

In these two disparate experiences there is always a bargain, always a balance, always a separation, and thus the conflict that exists in attachment is a natural part of our being in the world.